Occipital Bone Spur On Back Of Head

An occipital bone spur, also known as an occipital protuberance, is a bony growth that develops on the occipital bone at the back of the skull. While some people may never experience any symptoms, others may find it causes discomfort, pain, or even cosmetic concerns. This article provides a comprehensive overview of occipital bone spurs, including their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Understanding Occipital Bone Spurs

An occipital bone spur is essentially an overgrowth of bone on the occipital bone, the trapezoid-shaped bone located at the rear of the skull. The external occipital protuberance is a normal bony landmark in this area, serving as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments of the neck and back. However, when this protuberance becomes excessively large, it's classified as a bone spur. These spurs can vary significantly in size and shape, ranging from small, barely noticeable bumps to larger, more prominent protrusions.

Causes of Occipital Bone Spurs

The exact cause of occipital bone spurs isn't always clear, but several factors are believed to contribute to their development:

• Genetics: A predisposition to developing bone spurs can be inherited. If family members have a history of bone spurs, the likelihood of developing one increases.
• Age: As we age, the cartilage in our joints and bones can break down, leading to the formation of bone spurs. This is a natural part of the aging process.
• Posture: Poor posture, particularly forward head posture, can place excessive strain on the muscles and ligaments at the back of the neck. This chronic strain can stimulate bone growth in the occipital region.
• Repetitive Strain: Activities that involve repetitive neck movements or prolonged static positions can contribute to the development of bone spurs. This is often seen in individuals who spend long hours working at computers or engaging in activities that require them to look down for extended periods.
• Injury: Trauma to the back of the head can sometimes trigger the formation of bone spurs as the body attempts to heal the injured area.
• Calcium Deposits: The accumulation of calcium deposits in the ligaments and tendons around the occipital bone can also contribute to the formation of bone spurs.
• Underlying Medical Conditions: In some cases, occipital bone spurs may be associated with underlying medical conditions such as osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, or diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).
• Prolonged Smartphone Use: Studies have suggested a potential link between prolonged smartphone use and the development of occipital bone spurs, particularly in younger individuals. This is attributed to the forward head posture commonly adopted when using smartphones.

Symptoms of Occipital Bone Spurs

Not everyone with an occipital bone spur experiences symptoms. In many cases, the spur is small and doesn't cause any discomfort. However, when symptoms do occur, they can vary in severity and may include:

• Pain: This is the most common symptom. The pain can range from a mild ache to a sharp, stabbing sensation. It may be localized to the back of the head or radiate to the neck, shoulders, and upper back.
• Tenderness: The area around the bone spur may be tender to the touch. Applying pressure to the area can elicit pain or discomfort.
• Headaches: Occipital bone spurs can cause headaches, particularly tension headaches. The headaches may be constant or intermittent and can be aggravated by certain activities or positions.
• Neck Stiffness: The presence of a bone spur can restrict neck movement, leading to stiffness and decreased range of motion.
• Muscle Spasms: The muscles in the neck and upper back may spasm in response to the pain and inflammation caused by the bone spur.
• Numbness or Tingling: If the bone spur compresses nearby nerves, it can cause numbness or tingling sensations in the scalp, neck, or shoulders.
• Visible Bump: In some cases, the bone spur may be large enough to be felt or even seen as a bump on the back of the head.
• Cosmetic Concerns: Some individuals may be concerned about the appearance of the bone spur, particularly if it's large or noticeable.

Diagnosis of Occipital Bone Spurs

Diagnosing an occipital bone spur typically involves a physical examination and imaging tests.

• Physical Examination: A doctor will examine the back of the head, feeling for any bony prominences or areas of tenderness. They will also assess the range of motion in the neck and look for any signs of muscle spasms or nerve compression.
• X-rays: X-rays can help to visualize the bone spur and assess its size and shape. They can also rule out other potential causes of pain, such as fractures or arthritis.
• CT Scan: A CT scan provides more detailed images of the bone spur and surrounding structures. This can be helpful in planning treatment, particularly if surgery is being considered.
• MRI Scan: An MRI scan can help to visualize the soft tissues around the bone spur, such as muscles, ligaments, and nerves. This can help to identify any nerve compression or other soft tissue abnormalities.
• Nerve Conduction Studies: If nerve compression is suspected, nerve conduction studies may be performed to assess the function of the nerves in the neck and upper back.

Treatment Options for Occipital Bone Spurs

The treatment for occipital bone spurs depends on the severity of the symptoms. In many cases, conservative treatments are sufficient to relieve pain and improve function.

Non-Surgical Treatments

• Pain Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve) can help to reduce pain and inflammation. In more severe cases, a doctor may prescribe stronger pain medications, such as opioids or muscle relaxants.
• Physical Therapy: Physical therapy can help to improve posture, strengthen neck muscles, and increase range of motion. A physical therapist may use a variety of techniques, such as stretching, strengthening exercises, and manual therapy.
• Heat or Cold Therapy: Applying heat or cold to the affected area can help to relieve pain and muscle spasms. Heat can help to relax muscles and increase blood flow, while cold can help to reduce inflammation and numb the area.
• Massage Therapy: Massage therapy can help to relieve muscle tension and pain. A massage therapist may use a variety of techniques, such as deep tissue massage, trigger point therapy, and myofascial release.
• Chiropractic Care: Chiropractic care involves manual adjustments of the spine to improve alignment and reduce pain. A chiropractor may also use other techniques, such as massage therapy and exercise.
• Acupuncture: Acupuncture involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body to relieve pain and improve function.
• Injections: In some cases, a doctor may inject corticosteroids or local anesthetics into the area around the bone spur to relieve pain and inflammation. These injections can provide temporary relief, but they are not a long-term solution.
• Posture Correction: Improving posture is crucial in managing occipital bone spurs. This involves maintaining a neutral spine, keeping the head aligned over the shoulders, and avoiding prolonged forward head posture.
• Ergonomic Modifications: Adjusting the workspace to promote good posture can help to reduce strain on the neck and back. This may involve using an ergonomic chair, monitor stand, and keyboard.

Surgical Treatment

Surgery is typically reserved for cases where conservative treatments have failed to provide adequate relief or when the bone spur is causing significant nerve compression. The goal of surgery is to remove the bone spur and relieve pressure on the surrounding tissues.

• Surgical Excision: This involves making an incision in the back of the head and removing the bone spur using specialized instruments. The surgeon will take care to avoid damaging any nearby nerves or blood vessels.
• Endoscopic Surgery: In some cases, endoscopic surgery may be an option. This involves making small incisions and using a camera and specialized instruments to remove the bone spur. Endoscopic surgery is less invasive than traditional surgery and may result in a shorter recovery time.

Post-Operative Care

After surgery, it's important to follow the doctor's instructions carefully. This may include:

• Pain Management: Pain medication may be prescribed to help manage pain after surgery.
• Wound Care: The incision site should be kept clean and dry to prevent infection.
• Physical Therapy: Physical therapy may be recommended to help restore strength and range of motion in the neck.
• Activity Restrictions: It's important to avoid strenuous activities that could put stress on the neck.

Prevention of Occipital Bone Spurs

While it may not always be possible to prevent occipital bone spurs, there are several steps that can be taken to reduce the risk:

• Maintain Good Posture: Practicing good posture can help to reduce strain on the neck and back. This involves keeping the head aligned over the shoulders and avoiding prolonged forward head posture.
• Take Breaks: If you spend long hours working at a computer or engaging in activities that require you to look down for extended periods, take frequent breaks to stretch and move around.
• Ergonomic Setup: Ensure that your workspace is set up ergonomically to promote good posture.
• Regular Exercise: Regular exercise can help to strengthen the muscles in the neck and back, which can help to support the spine and reduce the risk of bone spurs.
• Healthy Diet: A healthy diet that is rich in calcium and vitamin D can help to keep bones strong and healthy.
• Avoid Prolonged Smartphone Use: Limit the amount of time you spend using smartphones and other electronic devices, and take breaks to stretch your neck and shoulders.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

• Are occipital bone spurs dangerous?

  In most cases, occipital bone spurs are not dangerous. However, they can cause pain and discomfort, and in rare cases, they can compress nerves.

• Can occipital bone spurs go away on their own?

  Occipital bone spurs typically do not go away on their own. However, conservative treatments can often help to relieve pain and improve function.

• What is the recovery time after surgery for occipital bone spurs?

  The recovery time after surgery for occipital bone spurs can vary depending on the type of surgery performed and the individual's overall health. In general, it can take several weeks to several months to fully recover.

• Can occipital bone spurs cause dizziness?

  In some cases, occipital bone spurs can cause dizziness, particularly if they are compressing nerves in the neck.

• Can occipital bone spurs cause tinnitus?

  There is no direct evidence that occipital bone spurs cause tinnitus (ringing in the ears). However, some individuals with occipital bone spurs may experience tinnitus due to muscle tension or nerve irritation in the neck.

• Is there a link between occipital bone spurs and TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint) disorders?

  While there is no direct link between occipital bone spurs and TMJ disorders, both conditions can be associated with poor posture and muscle tension in the head and neck.

Conclusion

Occipital bone spurs can be a source of pain and discomfort, but in most cases, they can be effectively managed with conservative treatments. Maintaining good posture, taking breaks, and engaging in regular exercise can help to prevent the development of bone spurs. If you are experiencing symptoms of an occipital bone spur, it's important to see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. With proper care, most individuals with occipital bone spurs can live normal, active lives. While surgery is an option, it is usually reserved for cases where conservative treatments have failed. By understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for occipital bone spurs, individuals can take proactive steps to manage their condition and improve their quality of life.