D-1553 Kras G12c Inhibitor Iupac Name

D-1553, a promising Kras G12C inhibitor, is making waves in cancer research due to its potential to target a specific mutation found in various tumors. Understanding its mechanism, chemical properties, and clinical implications requires a deep dive into its IUPAC name and related information. This article provides an in-depth exploration of D-1553, focusing on its significance as a Kras G12C inhibitor, its IUPAC nomenclature, and its role in cancer treatment.

Understanding Kras G12C and its Significance

Kras G12C is a specific mutation of the Kras gene, a key player in cell signaling pathways that control cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. The Kras gene encodes a protein that functions as a molecular switch, cycling between an active (GTP-bound) and inactive (GDP-bound) state. Mutations in Kras, particularly G12C, lock the protein in an "on" state, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor formation.

• Prevalence: The Kras G12C mutation is commonly found in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and other solid tumors.
• Impact: This mutation drives cancer progression and makes tumors more aggressive and resistant to traditional therapies.
• Therapeutic Target: Given its significant role in cancer, Kras G12C has emerged as a high-priority therapeutic target.

Inhibitors targeting Kras G12C have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. These inhibitors work by binding to the mutant Kras G12C protein, locking it in an inactive state, and thereby inhibiting its cancer-promoting activity.

What is D-1553?

D-1553 is an investigational drug classified as a Kras G12C inhibitor. It is designed to selectively bind to and inhibit the activity of the Kras G12C mutant protein. As an investigational drug, its formal chemical name and IUPAC nomenclature may not be fully public while undergoing development and patent protection. We can explore its mechanism of action and potential benefits based on publicly available information.

• Mechanism of Action: D-1553 likely functions by covalently binding to the cysteine residue at position 12 in the Kras G12C protein. This binding forces the protein into an inactive conformation, preventing it from interacting with downstream signaling molecules and inhibiting cell growth.
• Potential Benefits: Preclinical studies have indicated that D-1553 has the potential to reduce tumor growth, induce tumor regression, and improve overall survival in cancer models harboring the Kras G12C mutation.
• Development Stage: As an investigational drug, D-1553 is undergoing clinical trials to evaluate its safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing in human patients.

The Significance of IUPAC Nomenclature

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides a standardized system for naming chemical compounds. This system ensures that each compound has a unique and unambiguous name, facilitating clear communication and accurate identification in scientific research and industrial applications.

• Unambiguous Identification: IUPAC nomenclature allows chemists to identify specific compounds without confusion.
• Global Communication: It provides a universal language for discussing chemical structures and reactions.
• Regulatory Compliance: IUPAC names are often required for regulatory submissions and patent applications.

Decoding the IUPAC Name: Challenges and Approaches

While the exact IUPAC name of D-1553 may not be readily available due to its investigational status and proprietary nature, we can explore the general principles of generating an IUPAC name and the types of information it conveys. Understanding these principles can help us appreciate the complexity and precision involved in chemical nomenclature.

General Principles of IUPAC Nomenclature:

1. Identify the Parent Structure: Determine the main chain or ring system in the molecule.
2. Number the Parent Structure: Assign numbers to the atoms in the parent structure in a way that gives the lowest possible numbers to the substituents.
3. Identify and Name Substituents: Determine the groups attached to the parent structure and name them according to IUPAC rules.
4. Combine the Names: Assemble the name by listing the substituents in alphabetical order, followed by the name of the parent structure. Use prefixes, suffixes, and locants (numbers) to indicate the position and number of substituents.

Approaches to Determining the IUPAC Name (When Not Publicly Available):

1. Patent Literature: Search patent databases for publications related to D-1553. Patents often include detailed chemical structures and IUPAC names.
2. Scientific Publications: Review scientific articles that discuss D-1553. Authors may disclose the chemical structure or IUPAC name.
3. Chemical Databases: Consult chemical databases such as PubChem, ChemSpider, and Reaxys. These databases may contain information about D-1553, including its IUPAC name.
4. Contact the Manufacturer: If possible, contact the company developing D-1553 and request information about its IUPAC name.

What an IUPAC Name Typically Reveals:

An IUPAC name provides valuable information about a compound's structure, including:

• Functional Groups: The types of chemical groups present in the molecule (e.g., hydroxyl, amine, carboxyl).
• Ring Systems: The presence and nature of any cyclic structures (e.g., benzene, cyclohexane).
• Substituents: The groups attached to the main structure and their positions.
• Stereochemistry: Information about the spatial arrangement of atoms in the molecule (e.g., R and S configurations).

Implications for Drug Development

Understanding the chemical structure and IUPAC name of D-1553 is crucial for various aspects of drug development:

• Synthesis and Manufacturing: The IUPAC name provides a blueprint for synthesizing the compound in the laboratory and scaling up production for clinical trials and commercialization.
• Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: The chemical structure influences how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body (pharmacokinetics) and how it interacts with its target and produces its effects (pharmacodynamics).
• Formulation and Stability: The chemical properties of D-1553, which are reflected in its structure, affect its formulation into a suitable dosage form and its stability during storage.
• Intellectual Property: The IUPAC name is essential for securing patent protection for D-1553 and preventing others from manufacturing or selling it without permission.

D-1553 in Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are essential for evaluating the safety and efficacy of D-1553 in human patients. These trials are conducted in phases, each with a specific purpose:

• Phase 1 Trials: Focus on assessing the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic profile of D-1553 in a small group of healthy volunteers or patients with advanced cancer.
• Phase 2 Trials: Evaluate the efficacy of D-1553 in a larger group of patients with specific types of cancer. These trials also explore optimal dosing and identify potential biomarkers that predict response to treatment.
• Phase 3 Trials: Compare D-1553 to standard therapies in a large, randomized controlled trial to confirm its efficacy and monitor side effects.
• Post-Marketing Surveillance: After D-1553 is approved and marketed, ongoing surveillance is conducted to monitor its long-term safety and effectiveness.

Information to Look For in Clinical Trial Results:

• Response Rate: The percentage of patients whose tumors shrink or disappear after treatment with D-1553.
• Progression-Free Survival (PFS): The length of time during and after treatment that a patient lives with the disease but it does not get worse.
• Overall Survival (OS): The length of time that a patient lives after starting treatment with D-1553.
• Adverse Events: The side effects experienced by patients during treatment with D-1553.
• Biomarkers: Factors that predict which patients are most likely to benefit from D-1553.

The Future of Kras G12C Inhibitors

D-1553 is part of a growing class of Kras G12C inhibitors that are revolutionizing the treatment of cancers driven by this mutation. These inhibitors represent a significant advancement over traditional therapies, which have often been ineffective against Kras-mutant tumors.

Potential Future Directions:

• Combination Therapies: Combining Kras G12C inhibitors with other targeted therapies, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy to improve efficacy and overcome resistance.
• Next-Generation Inhibitors: Developing more potent and selective Kras G12C inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetic properties and reduced side effects.
• Expanding Indications: Exploring the use of Kras G12C inhibitors in other types of cancer beyond NSCLC and CRC.
• Personalized Medicine: Using biomarkers to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from Kras G12C inhibitors.
• Overcoming Resistance Mechanisms: Investigating the mechanisms by which tumors develop resistance to Kras G12C inhibitors and developing strategies to overcome this resistance.

Ethical Considerations

The development and use of Kras G12C inhibitors raise several ethical considerations:

• Access and Affordability: Ensuring that these potentially life-saving drugs are accessible and affordable to all patients who need them.
• Informed Consent: Providing patients with clear and comprehensive information about the risks and benefits of Kras G12C inhibitors before they enroll in clinical trials or receive treatment.
• Equity: Addressing disparities in access to clinical trials and treatment based on race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic location.
• Data Privacy: Protecting the privacy of patient data collected during clinical trials and routine clinical practice.
• Compassionate Use: Providing access to Kras G12C inhibitors to patients who are not eligible for clinical trials but may benefit from treatment.

D-1553 Kras G12C Inhibitor IUPAC Name: FAQ

Q: What is D-1553?

A: D-1553 is an investigational drug that functions as a Kras G12C inhibitor, designed to selectively bind to and inhibit the activity of the Kras G12C mutant protein, which is commonly found in certain cancers.

Q: Why is the Kras G12C mutation important?

A: The Kras G12C mutation is a common driver of cancer growth and progression, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Inhibiting this mutation can lead to tumor shrinkage and improved survival.

Q: What is an IUPAC name?

A: An IUPAC name is a systematic and unambiguous name for a chemical compound, assigned according to the rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

Q: Why is the IUPAC name of D-1553 important?

A: The IUPAC name provides a precise way to identify and communicate about D-1553, which is essential for synthesis, formulation, research, and regulatory purposes.

Q: Where can I find the IUPAC name of D-1553?

A: While the exact IUPAC name may not be publicly available due to its investigational status, you can search patent databases, scientific publications, and chemical databases. Contacting the manufacturer may also provide this information.

Q: How do Kras G12C inhibitors work?

A: Kras G12C inhibitors bind to the mutant Kras G12C protein, locking it in an inactive state and preventing it from promoting cancer growth.

Q: What are the potential benefits of D-1553?

A: Preclinical studies suggest that D-1553 may reduce tumor growth, induce tumor regression, and improve overall survival in cancer models with the Kras G12C mutation.

Q: What are the ethical considerations related to Kras G12C inhibitors?

A: Ethical considerations include ensuring access and affordability, providing informed consent, addressing equity, protecting data privacy, and offering compassionate use options.

Q: Are there clinical trials for D-1553?

A: Yes, D-1553 is undergoing clinical trials to evaluate its safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing in human patients with cancer.

Q: What is the future of Kras G12C inhibitors?

A: The future of Kras G12C inhibitors includes exploring combination therapies, developing next-generation inhibitors, expanding indications, personalizing medicine, and overcoming resistance mechanisms.

Conclusion

D-1553 represents a promising advancement in the treatment of cancers driven by the Kras G12C mutation. While the exact IUPAC name of D-1553 may not be readily accessible due to its ongoing development, understanding the principles of IUPAC nomenclature and its significance in drug development is essential for appreciating the complexity and precision involved in creating targeted therapies. As D-1553 progresses through clinical trials, it holds the potential to improve outcomes for patients with Kras-mutant cancers and contribute to the growing field of personalized medicine. The ongoing research and development in this area offer hope for more effective and targeted cancer treatments in the future.