What Size Were The Ruby Slippers

The shimmering ruby slippers, a cultural icon instantly recognizable to millions, hold a special place in cinematic history. Beyond their dazzling appearance, questions about their construction, history, and even their precise size continue to fascinate fans of The Wizard of Oz. Determining the exact size of these legendary shoes is a quest that blends film lore, historical research, and the enduring magic of Hollywood.

The Ruby Slippers: A History Worth Knowing

Before delving into the specific size of the ruby slippers, it's essential to understand their origin and evolution. The original book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum, described Dorothy's shoes as silver. The decision to change them to ruby red for the 1939 film was a strategic one, designed to take full advantage of the then-new Technicolor technology.

• The Design: The MGM costume department, under the direction of Gilbert Adrian, created several pairs of ruby slippers. The design featured a vibrant red sequin covering, complemented by a red felt lining and glass beads. A delicate bow adorned the front of each shoe, adding to their whimsical charm.
• Multiple Pairs: It’s a common misconception that only one pair of ruby slippers existed. In reality, several pairs were made for the film to accommodate different scenes, stunt work, and potential damage during production.
• The Materials: The slippers were constructed using various materials, including cotton fabric as the base, covered in layers of sequins, beads, and celluloid. This construction made them relatively fragile, contributing to the need for multiple pairs.
• Post-Production Fame: After the film's release, the ruby slippers quickly became one of the most iconic props in Hollywood history. Their image has been reproduced countless times, cementing their status in popular culture.

Unraveling the Mystery: What Size Were They?

Pinpointing the exact size of the ruby slippers is more complicated than it might seem. Due to the existence of multiple pairs and limited documentation from the time of production, definitive information is scarce. However, through careful analysis of existing slippers and anecdotal evidence, it's possible to piece together a reasonable estimate.

• Evidence from Existing Slippers: Several pairs of ruby slippers have survived and are now housed in various museums and private collections. Analyzing these slippers provides tangible evidence regarding their size.
• The "Judy Garland" Size: Most experts believe that the primary pair of ruby slippers, often referred to as the "Judy Garland" pair, was approximately a size 5B. This designation refers to a US women's size 5 with a standard B width.
• Variations Among Pairs: It is crucial to note that not all pairs were identical in size. Some pairs were slightly larger to accommodate thicker socks or inserts for comfort during filming. These variations make it challenging to declare one definitive size.
• Measurement Challenges: Measuring the slippers accurately presents its own set of challenges. The sequins, fabric, and delicate construction make precise measurements difficult, and conservation concerns prevent invasive examination.

The Case for Size 5B: Judy Garland's Shoe Size

The assertion that the primary ruby slippers were size 5B is largely based on the documented shoe size of Judy Garland, the actress who played Dorothy. While Garland’s shoe size fluctuated slightly over time, most sources indicate that she typically wore a size 5 or 5.5.

• Garland's Foot Size: Historical records and anecdotal evidence from individuals who worked with Garland suggest that she wore a size 5B shoe during the filming of The Wizard of Oz. This makes it logical to assume that the main pair of slippers was made to fit her foot size.
• Comfort and Fit: Actors often require comfortable footwear during long hours on set. A well-fitted shoe ensures ease of movement and prevents discomfort, which could impact performance.
• Stunt Doubles and Alternatives: It's possible that larger sizes were created for stunt doubles or for scenes requiring more strenuous activity. However, the primary pair worn in close-up shots would likely have been Garland's size.
• Expert Opinions: Costume historians and film memorabilia experts generally agree on the size 5B designation for the main pair of ruby slippers. Their assessments are based on years of research and analysis of available evidence.

Examining the Surviving Ruby Slippers

Several pairs of ruby slippers have survived the passage of time and are now treasured artifacts. Each pair offers valuable insights into the construction, design, and potential variations in size.

• The Smithsonian Pair: One of the most famous pairs of ruby slippers resides at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C. This pair was donated anonymously in 1979 and has become one of the museum's most popular attractions. While not definitively confirmed as the "main" pair, its excellent condition and provenance make it a significant artifact.
• The Judy Garland Collection Pair: Another notable pair was once part of the Judy Garland Collection and sold at auction in 1988 for $165,000. This pair is believed to have been worn by Garland during the film and provides valuable insights into the shoe's construction and fit.
• The Private Collection Pair: A third pair of ruby slippers is held in a private collection. This pair occasionally surfaces at exhibitions and provides additional evidence for researchers studying the slippers.
• The Stolen Pair: Sadly, one pair of ruby slippers was stolen from the Judy Garland Museum in Grand Rapids, Minnesota, in 2005. These slippers were recovered in 2018, but the incident highlighted the enduring value and allure of these iconic shoes.
• Physical Attributes: Examining the surviving slippers reveals that they were meticulously crafted. The sequins were hand-sewn onto the fabric, and the bows were carefully shaped and attached. The overall construction reflects the high standards of Hollywood costume design during the Golden Age.

Why the Size of the Ruby Slippers Matters

While the specific size of the ruby slippers might seem like a trivial detail, it holds significance for several reasons:

• Historical Accuracy: Determining the size of the slippers contributes to a more accurate understanding of the film's production and the materials used. It helps researchers and historians piece together a comprehensive picture of Hollywood history.
• Cultural Impact: The ruby slippers are more than just shoes; they are cultural icons that represent the magic of cinema and the power of storytelling. Understanding their physical attributes adds to their mystique and appeal.
• Conservation Efforts: Knowing the size and construction of the slippers is crucial for their long-term preservation. Conservators need precise information to properly care for these fragile artifacts and prevent further damage.
• Fan Fascination: The ruby slippers have captivated audiences for generations. Information about their size and history satisfies the curiosity of fans and deepens their appreciation for The Wizard of Oz.
• The "Perfect Fit" Analogy: Beyond the literal size, the quest to find the perfect fit with the ruby slippers mirrors Dorothy's journey of self-discovery and finding her place in the world. The idea of finding the "right size" resonates on a deeper, metaphorical level.

The Science of Shoe Sizing: An Overview

To fully appreciate the challenges of determining the ruby slippers' size, it’s helpful to understand the complexities of shoe sizing systems. Shoe sizes vary across different countries and manufacturers, making it difficult to establish a universal standard.

• US Sizing: The United States uses a numerical system to indicate shoe size, with different scales for men, women, and children. Sizes are based on the length and width of the foot, but there is no strict correlation between the numbers and actual measurements.
• UK Sizing: The United Kingdom also uses a numerical system, but it differs from the US system. UK sizes are typically smaller than US sizes for the same foot length.
• European Sizing: Europe uses a system based on Paris points, where one Paris point is equal to 2/3 of a centimeter. This system provides a more direct relationship between the shoe size and foot length.
• Width Sizing: In addition to length, shoe width is also an important factor. Widths are typically indicated by letters, such as A, B, C, D, and E, with A being the narrowest and E being the widest.
• Manufacturing Variations: Even within the same sizing system, shoe sizes can vary depending on the manufacturer and the style of the shoe. This makes it essential to try on shoes before purchasing them, rather than relying solely on the size label.

The Lasting Legacy of the Ruby Slippers

The ruby slippers' journey from silver shoes in a book to sparkling red icons on the silver screen underscores the transformative power of cinema. Their enduring popularity speaks to the timeless appeal of The Wizard of Oz and the universal themes it explores.

• Fashion Influence: The ruby slippers have influenced fashion trends for decades, inspiring designers to create shoes and accessories that capture their whimsical charm. Red shoes, in particular, have become a fashion staple, often associated with confidence and style.
• Pop Culture References: The ruby slippers have been referenced in countless films, television shows, and books, solidifying their place in popular culture. They serve as a shorthand for nostalgia, magic, and the power of dreams.
• Collectibles and Memorabilia: The ruby slippers have spawned a thriving market for collectibles and memorabilia. Replicas, ornaments, and other items featuring the iconic shoes are popular among fans of The Wizard of Oz.
• Museum Exhibits: The presence of ruby slippers in museums around the world ensures that future generations will have the opportunity to admire these iconic shoes and learn about their history.
• Psychological Impact: The ruby slippers have a potent psychological impact, representing the journey home, the power within oneself, and the idea that "there's no place like home." This emotional resonance contributes to their lasting appeal.

Conclusion: The Elusive Truth About Size

In conclusion, while definitively stating the exact size of all the ruby slippers is difficult due to variations and limited records, the best available evidence suggests that the primary pair worn by Judy Garland was likely a size 5B. This conclusion is supported by historical records, expert opinions, and analysis of surviving slippers.

The quest to determine the size of the ruby slippers is more than just an academic exercise; it’s a journey into the heart of Hollywood history and the enduring legacy of a beloved film. The ruby slippers continue to captivate audiences with their beauty, their story, and the magic they represent. Whether they are a size 5B or slightly larger, their impact on popular culture is undeniable, making them one of the most iconic and cherished artifacts in cinematic history. The enduring mystery surrounding their exact dimensions only adds to their allure, ensuring that the ruby slippers will continue to sparkle in the imaginations of fans for generations to come.